With the majority of the world population living in urban environments today, cities have become the engines of (economic) development and innovation. At the same time, cities have been forced to confront many of the […]
How a country organizes its public finances forms the basis for how local authorities govern priorities in cities, towns, and villages. While national governments have the responsibility to design and supervise a system that works, […]
Delivering public services to the satisfaction of the citizen is an important challenge confronted by democratic governments everywhere in the modern world. Unlike authoritarian rulers who may conveniently ignore public opinion, democratic governments can do […]
Despite having one of the world’s fastest growing economies in terms of gross domestic product growth rate, Peru historically has been unable to improve its public services at the same rate. This disparity was particularly […]
Somalia is emerging from decades of conflict, with the signing of the Provisional Constitution in 2012 paving the way toward a political settlement. Whereas the Provisional Constitution defines the boundaries of Somalia based on the […]
There has been considerable emphasis in the property tax literature on principles for what taxes should be assigned either to the central government or to lower levels of government. In contrast, intergovernmental cooperation in revenue […]
The recurrent, annual property tax has tremendous potential for mobilizing own-source revenues, primarily for local governments. The property tax generates about 0.3–0.6 percent of GDP for low- and middle-income countries, 1.1 percent in higher-income (OECD) […]
Local governments are leading the COVID-19 responses around the world. They are on the front line of citizen engagement, service delivery and management of public space. Every preventive and containment measure require resources and has […]
Beginning in the 1990s there was a wave of enthusiasm for the idea that decentralization would promote both democratic governance and economic efficiency. Throughout the 2000s, that optimism increasingly ran up against a second generation […]
In a multi-level government system, the assignment of roles and responsibilities and institutional legacies between the federal and the subnational governments often create imbalances. A common challenges is a primary vertical fiscal imbalance, which is […]
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